Baker s oven and stove



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(No Model.)

F. S. KINNEY. BAKERS OVEN AND STOVE.

'No. 572,206. Patented Dec. 1, 1896 U0 U a H m: mus mans coy. Pum'ouma, WASHINGTON. 0.1;

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P. s. KINNEY; I

BAKERS OVEN AND STOVE;

LPa/pentedDeo. 1, 1896,

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P. s. KINNEY BAKERS OVEN AND STOVE.

N0. 572,206. Patented Dec. 1, 1896.

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'W M m v M UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK S. KINNEY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

BAKERS OVEN AND STOVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 572,206, dated December 1, 1896.

Application filed August 28, 1895. Serial No- 560,8l4. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, FREDERICK S. KINNEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Bakers Ovens and Stoves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is especially useful in connection with bakers ovens; and the chief objects of my improvement are, first, to provide means for distributing the heat of the products of combustion around the baking-chamber in such a manner as to keep all parts of that chamber at the same temperature; second, to provide meansfor equalizing the temperature of the baking-chamber throughout the process of baking and to prevent sudden changes of temperature; third, to provide means for regulating the heat of the bakinghearth; fourth, to provide means for conveying the entire products of combustion directly to either one or both sides of a chamber over the baking-chamber where it is desirable to do so; fifth, to provide a direct draft for use when the fire is being started; sixth, to prevent the damper-rods from being burned out, and, seventh, to economize fuel. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section along the line 1 1, Fig. 5, of a bakers oven embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the device. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section along the line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section along the line 4: 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a section along line 5 5,'Fig. 3 and Fig. 6 is a detailed cross-section along the line 6 6, Fig. 1.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A A, 850., represent legs upon which the structure may be supported. No particular form of support is essential.

B represents a casing, preferably of metal, of which B is the front; B B the sides; B the rear end; B", the bottom, and B the top. The sides extend above the top plate B and form a rim around it, within which a filling b, of sand or equivalent material, is preferably placed to diminish the loss of heat by radiation. The sections 19 b of the front B each preferably has a flange 11 running all'around extending flue or chamber 0 with a directdraft flue F, provided with a damper F, preferably located below the passage f, connecting said flue with the chamber J, hereinafter described, and preferably provided with a damper-rod f projecting forward above the fire-box C and flue O and out above the firebox door, and which .is preferably provided with a handle f The fire-box C and chamber 0 are connected by lateral openings 0 c, &c., on each side with chambers G G. Below the fire-box is the ash-pit 0 having the door 0 Above the fire-box O and chambers C and G G a deflector H is arranged. It is preferably composed of brickwork h, properly supported. The support shown is a sheet h of iron, but that particular form of support is immaterial. Above the deflector ll lies the baking-hearth I, preferably air-tigl1t and composed of brickwork i, properly supported in position, the support shown being, as in the case'of the deflector, an iron plate 1 resting on brackets 2' 2' but that special form of support is not essential. Between the deflector and bakinghearth there is a chamber J, having sides jj and ends j j, and is preferably provided with cold-air inlets j 7' &c., provided With a registerj by means of which they may be closed. Above the baking-hearth the baking-cham ber K is located. Its sides 7a and ends 70 It are preferably formed of metal plates and its top of brickwork k suitably supported. The support shown is a metal plate 10 resting on brackets 70. Between the sides 70 7e and front end k of] the baking-chamber K and the casing a filling 70 of sand or its equivalent, is placed for the purpose of. reducing radiation and absorbing heat and giving it out again in an equable manner. I prefer to use a brick filling lo between the baking-chamber and the casing at the rear by reason of the location of the direct-draft flue at the back. Brick and sand are, however, substantial equivalents. The filling preferably extends from the chambers G Gr to the top of the structure, so as to surround the chamber J, as well as the chamber K. 7& is the door of the baking-chamber K. Above the top of the baking-chamber there is a substantially horizontal chamber M, which is divided into two compartments m and m by the central longitudinal partition m extending from front to rear. The compartments m and m each contain a partition m extending from the rear toward the front, but not to the front wall, and which divides each compartment into an inner passage m and an outer passage m.

The chamber M is connected with the chambers G G by means of flues N, which preferably pass up through the filling k at the sides and front and through the brick filling at the rear between the baking-chamber and outer casing B. Though preferable and desirable, it is not essential that these flues should ascend around the front, sides, and rear of the baking-chamber. They are least necessary at the rear, where the direct-draft flue F is located and tends to heat the brick filling 7c and the rear of the baking-chamber. Their upper ends are preferablycovered with sand or brick, as shown.

0, Fig. 4, represents a transverse flue, preferably located in the brickwork 7c and crossing the direct-draft flue F, with which it connects. It is preferably connected with the rear ends of the passages m m m m by passages o, o, 0 and 0 The passages 0 and 0 connect it with the outer passages on" of the chamber M, and the passages 0 and o with the inner passages in m of said chamber. The passages o and 0 also directly connect the passages m m with the direet-draft flue F. Each of the passages 0, o, 0 and o is provided with a damper 0 0 o, and 0 by which it may be closed. Each damper is preferably provided with a rod 0 which extends forward through a passage 0, above the top of the casing, and through the front of the casing, and is preferably provided with a handle 0 The dampers 0 and 0, when closed, do not separate the passages m m from the fire-box, but do separate the flues N and the portion of the flue F above them from the fire-box. Each of the fines N is preferably connected with the chamber J by means of a passage 02, and said chamber J is connected, preferably, with the direct-draft flue F by means of the passage f.

A bakers oven embodying my improvements operates as follows: \Vhen a fire is to be kindled,'the dampers F, 0", and o are opened by pulling their respective damperrods f 0 0 forward, so as to leave the upward passage for the products of combustion through the direct-draft flue F clear, and the cold-air inlets 7' are closed by means of their register j Vhile the dampers remain open the products of combustion chiefly pass back through the chamber C and thence directly up the direct-draft flue F. After the fire has been kindled the dampers F, 0 and 0 are closed by pushing in their respective damperrods, and the dampers o and of are left open. The products of combustion, being no longer able to escape through the chamber 0 and the direct-draft flue F, escape through the passages c c, &e., into the chambers G G on each side. Passing upward they first impin ge against the deflector H and heat it very hot, and thence pass toward and enter the lower ends of the indirect-draft flues N. A small portion passes thence through the passages 01 into the chamber J and assists in heat in g the baking-hearth I, which also receives a large amount of heat by radiation from the deflector H. The passage f, connecting the chamber J with the direct-draft flue F, is preferably small and too small for the passage of more than a small proportion of the entire products of combustio n,and the greater portion of said products passes up through the flues N'to the chamber M and enters at the sides and ends of the passages on. Theythen pass in a direction opposite to that indicated by arrows in Fig. 5 into the passages m and to the rear ends of said passages, where they enter the passages 0 and o and pass up into the horizontal flue O and direct-draft flue F, but chieflyinto the latter, through which they escape to the outer air. In case the bakingheart-h becomes overheated it may be cooled without resorting to the use of a direct draft by opening the register 7' and permitting cold air to enter through the inletsj The air thus admitted will in part pass back to the passage f, and through it into the flue F, and in part escape up through the flues N.

In case the top of the baking-chamber is not hot enough at any time a large proportion of the products of combustion may be caused to pass directly to it in the following manner: The dampers F, 0 and 0 are opened and the dampers o and 0" closed, and the entire products of combustion, passing up the directdraft flue F, pass through the passages 0 and o 'into the rear ends of the inner passages m m of the chamber M, and pass first forward through said passages and then back through the outer passages m m as indicated by arrows in Fig. 5, and through the passages 0 and 0 up into the transverse flue O, and then inward through said flue to the directdraft flue F.

In case it is desired to direct the heat to one side only of the top of the baking-chamber that may be accomplished by opening only the damper 0 or 0, as the case may be, connecting with the side of the chamber H in question, instead of both of said dampers.

In case it becomes desirable to clean out the flues N their caps it may be removed and the soot pushed down into the chambers Gr G, whose removable front pieces I) I) afford ready access to their interior. said front pieces is also very useful when it becomes necessary to repair the walls of the fire-box or flue G I claim j 1. The combination of a baking-chamber; a chamber above the baking-chamber; a chamber below the hearth of the bakingchamber; a deflector beneath the last-mentioned chamber; a fire-box below the deflector; a direct-draft flue means connecting the fire-box therewith; a damper closing the connection; indirect-draft flues extending up on two or more sides of the baking-chamber; means for connecting them beneath the deflector with the fire-box; means connecting their upper ends with the chamber above the baking-chamber, means connecting said lastmentioned chamber with the direct-draft flue, means connecting one or more of the in directdraft flues laterally with the chamber between the hearth of the bakin g-chamber and the deflector; means admitting cold air from the outside laterally into said chamber directly above the deflector, substantially as described. 2. The combination of the fire-box, a deflector above it; a direct-draft flue; a chamber connecting the fire-box and said flue; a

I chamber on each side of said fire-box; be-

neath the deflector, substantially as shown, lateral passages connecting said fire-box with the chambers on each side thereof; a damper in said direct-draft flue; and indirect-draft up-flues connected at their lower ends with one of said last-mentioned chambers, and means connecting their upper ends with said direct-draft flue, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a baking-chamber; a baking-hearth; a deflector beneath said hearth; a chamber between said deflector and hearth; a fire-box beneath the deflector; a direct-draft flue; means connecting the firebox and direct-draft flue indirect-draft flues passing up on two or more sides of the bakingchamber; means connecting said indirectdraft flues with the fire-box; means connecting one or more of them with the chamber between the deflector and hearth; a passage connecting said chamber and direct-draft flue; and a damper below said passage; substantially as described.

4. The combination of a baking-chamber; a baking-hearth a deflector beneath said hearth; a chamber between said deflector and hearth; a fire-box beneath the deflector; a direct-draft flue; means connecting the firebox and direct-draft flue; indirect-draft flues passing up on two or more sides of the bakingchamber; means connecting their upper ends with the direct-draft flue; means connecting said indirect-draft flues with the fire-box;

means connecting one or more of them with the chamber between the deflector and hearth; one or more cold-air inlets admitting air to said chamber; a passage connecting said chamber and direct-draft flue; and a direct- The removability of draft-flue damper located below said passage; substantially as described.

, 5. The combination of a baking-chamber; a substantially air-tight baking-hearth; a deflector beneath the hearth; a chamber between the hearth and deflector; a fire-box beneath the deflector; a chamber on each side of said fire-box and beneath said deflector; means connecting each of said last-mentioned chambers with the interior of the fire-box; flues leading upward from the chambers last mentioned; and means connecting said flues with the sides of the chamber between said heart-h and deflector; substantial] y as described.

6. The combination of a baking-chamber;

a substantially air-tight baking-hearth a deflector beneath the hearth; a chamber between said hearth and deflector; a fire-box beneath said deflector; a chamber 011 each side of said fire-box and beneath said deflector; means connecting each of said last-mentioned chambers with the interior of the fire-box; flues leading upward from said chambers on two or more sides of the baking-chamber; means connecting said flues with the chamber between said hearth and deflector; and means admitting cold air to said last-mentioned chamber; substantially as described.

7. The combination of a fire-box; a chamber on each side of it; passages connecting its interior With said chambers; a direct-draft flue; means connecting the fire-box with said flue; a deflector over said fire-box and chambers a baking-hearth above said deflector; a chamber between said deflector and hearth; a baking-chamber above said hearth; a substantiallyhorizontal chamber above said baking-chamber; means connecting it with said direct-draft flue; indirectdraft flues leading up on two or more sides of the baking-chamber, from the chambers on each side-of the fire-box, to said chamber above the bakingchamber; means connecting one or more of said indirectdraft flues with the interior of the chamber between the baking-hearth and deflector; means connecting said chamber with the outer air; a passage connecting it with the direct-draft flue; and a damper lo cated between said passage and the fire-box substantially as described.

8. The combination of a baking-chamber; a fire-box beneath the baking-chamber; a direct-draft flue; means connecting said flue and fire-box; a chamber over the bakingchamber; a transverse flue; means connecting the transverse flue with the direct-draft flue; means dividing said chamber, over the baking-chamber, into two compartments; an inner and an outer passage in each compartment, both extending from the end next the direct-draft flue toward the opposite end, and being connected together near said opposite end; a passage leading from said direct-draft flue below said passages leading from said inner passages, into said transverse flue and IIO direct-draft flue; movable means separating said inner passages from the portion of the direct-draft flue above them; passages connecting the ends of said outer passages nearest the direct-draft flue, with said transverse flue; and a damper in each of said last-mentioned connecting-passages; substantially as described.

9. The combination in a bakers oven, of a casin g; a firebox within the casing; a directdraft flue at the back; a chamber connecting the fire-box and direct-draft flue; a chamber 011 each side of said fire-box; passages connectingrsaid fire-box and the chambers on each side of it; a deflector above said fireboX and chambers; a baking-hearth above the deflector; a chamber between the deflector and hearth; a baking-chamber above the hearth; a chamber above the baking-chamber; a filling of heat-retaining material between the baking-chamber and the outside of the structure, at front, sides, and rear, and at the rear, surrounding the direct-draft flue; indirect-draft fines leading from the chambers on each side of the fire-box, to the chamber above the baking-chamber, and extending up at the front and sides of the latter, through said filling; means connecting said indirect-draft flues with the chamber between the hearth and deflect-or; means connecting the last-mentioned chamber with the directdraft flue; one or more air-inlets admitting cold air to said chamber; and means closing said air-inlets; substantially as described.

10. The combination of a baking-chamber; a fire-box; a direct-draft flue rising at the rear of the baking-chamber; means connectin g the direct-draft flue with the fire-box; a chamber M over the baking-chamber; a partition m dividing the chamber M into two compartments; an inner passage m and an outer passage m in each compartment, extending forward from the rear toward the front; means connecting the front ends of said passages in each compartment; the fine 0, opening into the direct-draft flue; passages 0 and 0 connecting the rear ends of the passages m with the flue O; dampers closing the passages 0 and 0 passages 0 and 0"; dampers 0 o; and damper-rods, attached to said dampers, and passing forward above the chamber 11; all arranged and operating substantially as described.

\Vitness my hand this 26th day of August, 1895.

FREDERICK KINNEY.

\Vitnesses:

BENJ. F. REX, MARK MOODY. 

